五、近义词的细微差别

这类动词有：表示“看”的see, watch, notice, observe, glance, stare；表示“说”的say, speak, tell, talk；表示“花费”的spend, cost, take, pay；表示“变化”的turn, get, become, go, grow; 表示“适合”的suit, fit, meet, satisfy; 表示“继续 / 延续”的continue, last, keep; 表示“收到 / 接受”的receive, accept; 表示“携带”的bring, take, fetch, carry等。如：
1. On hearing the news of the accident in the local mine, she ________ pale. (湖北卷)
A. got                               B. changed
C. went                            D. appeared
【分析】答案选C。go作系动词，多指人或事物变得不好的场合，如：go bad / sour / mad / blind / pale (食物) 变质 / 变酸 / 变疯 / 变瞎 / 变得苍白，但不与old, tired, ill, angry等词连用。get常用于口语，多指身体、天气、情感等方面的变化，如：get well / fat / cold / angry / worried变好 / 变胖 / 变冷 / 生气 / 忧虑；appear作系动词，意为“好像、似乎”；change不作系动词，后面不接形容词。
2. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have twenty-one already! (天津卷)
A. become                         B. turned
C. grown                           D. passed
【分析】答案选B。因为turn可以表示“达到或超过(某个年龄或时间)”，而其它几个不能。句意是：艾丽丝，祝你生日快乐！你已经满21周岁了。另外，turn和become后都可接名词，但turn后的单数名词前通常不要冠词；become表示业已完成，所以表示将来要用be或make代替；grow着重渐变的过程，且多指由小变大或由少变多，反之则用become。
3. The evening news comes on at seven o’clock and ________ only thirty minutes. (四川卷)
A. keeps                            B. continues
C. finishes                         D. lasts
【分析】答案选D。因为keep指保持某种状态，不用来指持续多入；finishes是短暂性动词，不与时间段连用；continue虽可指持续多久，但时间段前通常要用for；而last表示持续多久，其后的时间段前通常省略for。
4. If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would ________. (浙江卷)
A. act                              B. help
C. serve                           D. last
【分析】答案选B。因为serve(服务)和last(持续)很容易排除。help意为“有帮助，有用，减轻，补救”；而act则意为“起作用，生效(=produce an effect; work)”。显然，前者是起好作用，而后者则不一定，因此，B最佳。

5. —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema? (全国卷)
—That ________ me fine.
A. fits                             B. meets
C. satisfies                      D. suits
【分析】答案选D。fit (=be the right size or shape for) 指衣物鞋帽等的形状大小“合适，合身”； satisfy指“达到”要求或“符合”条件、“满足”需要 / 欲望 / 好奇心等；meet (=satisfy)，指“符合、满足”需要 / 要求 / 条件 / 愿望等；suit表示“符合”某人的需要或要求 (=satisfy)、衣服或发型等“适合于”某人 (=look attractive on sb. )、“对某人方便或合某人心意”(=be convenient for sb. )。句意是：那对我很方便或这很合我的意。
6. John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been ________ by a heavy storm. (辽宁卷)
A. kept                            B. stopped
C. slowed                        D. delayed
【分析】答案选D。delay在句中意为“使…迟到 / 延误”(=cause sb. to be late)，另外还有“推迟”(=put off)之意。keep使某人耽搁或耽误(=hold back, prevent)；stop使停止或阻止；slow使变慢或减速(=make or become slower)。
7. —Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?
—Yes. They have better players, so I ________ them to win. (全国卷)
A. hope                           B. prefer
C. expect                         D. want
【分析】答案选C。根据“他们有更优秀的运动员”，可以“预料(expect)”他们会赢，而不是 “更喜欢(prefer)”或 “想要 (want)”他们赢。hope不可接sb. to do sth. 。
8. ________ him and then try to copy what he does. (全国卷)
A. Mind                           B. Glance at
C. Stare at                        D. Watch
【分析】答案选D。模仿前需要“观察(watch)”，而不是“快速地看一下(glance)”或“盯着看(stare)”，更不是“照看(mind)”。
9. They ________ the train until it disappeared in the distance. (全国卷)
A. saw                             B. watched
C. noticed                         D. observed
【分析】答案选B。由until可知，要用延缓性动词，排除A和C；watch表示“注视，观看”活动变化的人或物，observe表示“仔细观察(=watch careful)”。
10. —What did you think of her speech?
—She ________ for one hour but didn’t ________ much. (全国卷)
A. spoke; speak                 B. spoke; say
C. said; speak                    D. said; say
【分析】答案选B。speak除可接表示语言的名词作宾语外，一般作不及物动词，且着重说话的动作过程；say是及物动词，着重说话的内容。第一空后无宾语，用spoke，第二空后有代词much作宾语，用say。
11. Some passengers complain that it usually ________ so long to fill in travel insurance documents. (上海卷)
A. costs                            B. takes
C. spends                          D. spares
【分析】答案选B。能用形式主语句式的只有cost和take；又因cost一般只以钱作宾语，而take既可用钱又可用时间作宾语。
12. It seems difficult to ________ “hurt” from “injure” in meaning. (上海春)
A. judge                            B. tell
C. divide                           D. separate
【分析】答案选B。四个选项都可与from搭配，要从各自的意义去区分：tell A from B分辨A和B。judge A from B根据B来判断A；divide / separate A from B把A和B分隔 / 分离开。
(13)—May I speak to Mr. Thoms, please?
—I’m afraid he isn’t in. Would you like to ________ a message? (上海卷)
A. take                             B. write
C. leave                            D. tell
【分析】答案选C。leave a message留个口信；take a message for sb. 给某人捎个口信。

六、在特定语境中考查动词的意义与用法

试题所给四个选项在意义或用法上相差较大，需要根据上下文的意思，即语境来确定一个正确选项。如：
1. —How do you ________ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. (福建卷)
A. insist                            B. want
C. suppose                        D. suggest
【分析】答案选D。从答语I think we’d better…可知，上文是在征求意见或请提建议，所以选D。
2. —Will $200 ________ ?
—I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars. (湖北卷)
A. count                          B. satisfy
C. fit                               D. do
【分析】答案选D。从答语可知，是问是否“够了”，表示“够了，合适”，要用do ( =be enough, be suitable)。
3. They see you as something of a worrier, ________ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them. (重庆卷)
A. setting                        B. discovering
C. seeing                        D. designing
【分析】答案选C。根据句意“他们把你看成是一个杞人忧天的人，常常考虑一些并不存在的问题，为那些尚未发生的事情而烦恼。”可知，只有see才有“考虑”之意。set设置；discover发现；design设计。
4. The taxi driver often remains passengers to ________ their belongings when they leave the car. (全国卷)
A. keep                          B. catch
C. hold                          D. take
【分析】答案选D。乘客下车时，司机提醒乘客把自己的东西“带走(take)”。
5. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ________ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. (全国卷)
A. does                         B. feels
C. gets                          D. makes
【分析】答案选B。由good可知应选系动词，排除A和D；躺在阳光下或在凉爽的海水里游泳“感觉(feel)”真好，而非“变得(get)”好。
6. You’re ________ your time trying to persuade him; he’ll never join us. (全国卷)
A. spending                   B. wasting
C. losing                       D. missing
【分析】答案选B。可接time (in) doing sth. 的有spend(花费)和waste(浪费)；由“他决不会加入我们”可知“你试图劝服他”是“浪费(waste)”时间。
7. I can ________ you to the market in my car. (全国卷)
A. send                         B. pick
C. ride                          D. take
【分析】答案选D。由in my car可知是“我”用车带你去市场，表示“带某人到…”用take sb. to…。send送或派(但本人是不去的)，与in my car矛盾。
8. —Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?
—No, dear. They don’t ________ well. Put them in the fridge instead. (北京卷)
A. keep                         B. fit
C. get                           D. last
【分析】答案选A。指食物保持良好，用keep。fit合身; get变成; last持续多久。
9. Have a good rest; you need to ________ your energy for the tennis match this afternoon. (北京卷)
A. leave                         B. save
C. hold                          D. take
【分析】答案选B。save (=keep sth. for future use)储蓄。save one’s energy / strength积蓄力量 / 留着劲儿。leave离开，留下；hold保持(姿态)。
10. —Why haven’t you bought any butter?
—I ________ to, but I forgot about it. (北京卷)
A. liked                         B. wished
C. meant                       D. expected
【分析】答案选C。由but I forgot about it. 可知“原本打算”去买的，表示“打算做某事”用mean to do sth。
11. Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ________ his boss. (北京卷)
A. serves                       B. satisfies
C. promises                   D. supports
【分析】答案选B。句意：Nick要找另一份工作，因为他感到他做的没有一样事使老板满意的。表示“使某人满意”用satisfy sb. 。
12. The thing that ________ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not. (上海卷)
A. matters                     B. cares
C. considers                  D. minds
【分析】答案选A。matter(=is important)要紧、重要。that matters是定语从句。

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