梅约医院(Mayo Clinic)预防和内科专家韩斯鲁德(Donald Hensrud)说，肥胖者一旦生病，其免疫机能可能不足以积聚有效的反应。韩斯鲁德是《梅约医院减肥节食法》（The Mayo Clinic Diet）一书的主编，这本新书提倡通过健康饮食减肥，不限制水果蔬菜的量。

When obese people fall ill, 'their immune function may not be strong enough to mount an effective response,' says Donald Hensrud, a Mayo Clinic specialist in preventive and internal medicine and editor-in-chief of 'The Mayo Clinic Diet,' a new book promoting weight loss through a healthy diet that allows unlimited quantities of fruits and vegetables.

韩斯鲁德和其他专家对过多地靠维他命补充来增加饮食中的维他命和矿物质提出警告。虽然多种维他命剂是对均衡饮食的有益补充，但人体对单独的补充剂和维他命片剂的吸收情况不如食物中的营养那么好。一些补充剂用量过高还可能导致毒副作用。比如，过量的锌会妨碍铁和铜等其他营养成分吸收。而矿物质硒过量会导致神经受损，最近还与糖尿病风险升高联系起来。

Dr. Hensrud and other experts caution against loading up on supplements to add vitamins and minerals to the diet. While a multivitamin is a good addition to any balanced diet, individual supplements and vitamin pills may not be as well absorbed by the body as nutrients in foods. Some supplements also can have toxic effects in too-high quantities. An excess of zinc, for example, can interfere with absorption of other nutrients, including iron and copper. And too much of the mineral selenium can cause nerve damage and has been linked recently to an increased risk of diabetes.

科学家们早已了解到，维他命、矿物质和其他营养成分可充当抗氧化剂，在免疫系统中扮演重要角色。它们可以保护细胞不受氧化应激影响并予以修复，氧化应激是被称为自由基的分子导致的损害。

Scientists have long known that some vitamins, minerals and other nutrients can play a key role in the immune system by acting as antioxidants. These protect and repair cells from oxidative stress, the damage caused by molecules known as free radicals.

营养学家普遍认为，摄取均衡营养的最佳途径是均衡饮食，其中要包括大量新鲜水量和蔬菜、精益蛋白质和膳食纤维。

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