B: In the letter of credit only coverage for all marine risks?was requested. I should like to point out that our prices were calcu- lated without insurance for any special risk. So we applied for the usual W.P.A. coverage and let our customers deal with the matter of breakage. Since the validity of the letter of credit was going to expire in two days, there was no time to write for more detailed instructions. If the L/C had been valid for a longer period, we should have had time to make the matter thoroughly clear.

A: Mr. Brown, our import license only ran up to the middle of February, consequently we were not able to extend the validity of the letter of credit. But we presume that the wording of our L/C implies covering the risk of breakage. Besides, when I take a W.P. A. insurance, that is, with particular average, I should think the risk of breakage is a par ticular average, isn’t it?

J: Not every breakage is a particular average. It is a particular aver- age when the breakage results from natural ca lam i ties or mar i time accidents, such as stranding and sinking of the car ry ing vessel, or is attributable to fire, explosion or collision. If none of these conditions occur, break age is often considered as an or di nary loss and rep re sents what we call ?inherent vice or nature of the subject matter insured? which is outside the scope of the coverage.

-- 信用证只要求投保“综合海运险”。我想要指出的是，我们的价格 没把任何特殊险计算在内，所以我们只投保了通常的水渍险，而让 我们的客户自行办理破碎险事宜。由于信用证两天内就要到期，来 不及写出更详细的说明。如果信用证的有效期长一点的话，我们就 会有时间把事情彻底说清楚。

-- 布朗先生，我们进口许可证的有效期到二月中旬截止，因此我们无 法延长信用证的有效期。但是我方认为信用证的措辞包含了投保破 碎险。此外，当我投保水渍险时，那就是对单独海损要负责赔偿， 我想破碎险是属于一种单独海损，对不对？

-- 并不是所有破碎险都是属于单独海损。只是由于自然灾害或意外事 故所造成的破碎，如货船搁浅与沉没，或归因于着火、爆炸、或碰 撞所引起的破碎才算是属于单独海损。如果没有发生上述事故，破 碎便常被认为是一种普通损失，也就是我们所说的，由于“货物内 在缺陷或特性”所引起的损失，不属于承保范围之内。

A: But the risk of breakage is covered by marine insurance, isn’t it?

J: Certainly, but it is a usual practice to make specific mention in the insurance policy or certificate that

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